There were works trying to tessellate a stroke and render it with GPU. You can find them in several papers and online articles.

Paper and article list

• Polar Stroking: New Theory and Methods for Stroking Paths (Very Hard)
• Drawing Lines is Hard
• Instanced Line Rendering: part1 | part2
• ... Tell me more tutorials in the discussion

They may inspire some approaches to optimize the performance of the articulated algorithms in the future. To learn about them, I would recommend starting with Rye Terrell's Instanced Line Rendering, whose methods are simple enough to learn.

As for this article, I will compare the tessellation-based algorithms with articulated algorithms in detail.

WIP

spoiler

The key benefit of the articulated is its self-overlapping in acute angle, which is critical for brush strokes and digital painting.